High-performance fiber new materials occupy an important position in modern industry and technology due to their excellent characteristics. The following lists several common high-performance fiber new materials and analyzes their advantages, disadvantages, and main application fields.

1. Carbon Fiber

Carbon fiber is a high-strength, high-modulus fiber with a carbon content of over 95%. It is made from organic fibers through carbonization and graphitization processes, and has excellent mechanical properties and chemical stability.

Advantages:

l High strength and high modulus: Carbon fiber has extremely high strength and stiffness, making it suitable for manufacturing products that require high mechanical performance, such as aerospace components and high-end sports equipment.

l High temperature and corrosion resistance: It can maintain stable performance in extreme environments, making it suitable for the chemical and automotive industries.

l Lightweight: Its low density helps reduce product weight and improve fuel efficiency.

Disadvantages:

l High cost: The production process is complex and technically demanding, resulting in high production costs and limiting its application in some low-end fields.

l Poor wear resistance: The surface is prone to wear and tear and is not suitable for high-friction environments.

l Poor flexibility: It is prone to fracture under stress.

l Moisture absorption: Performance may decrease in humid environments, and moisture-proof treatment is required.

Application fields:

l Aerospace: Used for manufacturing aircraft fuselages, wings, and satellite structural components to reduce weight and improve fuel efficiency.

l Automotive industry: Used for manufacturing automotive parts to improve vehicle stiffness and fuel economy.

l Sports equipment: Used for manufacturing golf clubs, bicycle frames, and tennis rackets to provide higher strength and durability.

l Chemical equipment: Used for manufacturing corrosion-resistant containers and pipes for extreme environments.

2. Aramid Fiber

Aramid fiber is an aromatic polyamide fiber with excellent mechanical properties, high-temperature resistance, and chemical stability.

Advantages:

l High strength and high modulus: Similar to carbon fiber, it is suitable for manufacturing high-performance products such as bulletproof vests and aerospace materials.

l High temperature resistance: It maintains stable performance in high-temperature environments, making it suitable for special protective equipment.

l Chemical resistance: It is resistant to most chemicals.

Disadvantages:

l High cost: High production costs limit its widespread application.

l Poor compression performance: It is prone to deformation under compressive loads.

l Poor UV resistance: Long-term exposure to sunlight will cause aging and affect service life.

Application fields:

l Ballistic equipment: Used for manufacturing bulletproof vests and helmets to provide excellent protection.

l Aerospace: Used for manufacturing structural materials for airplanes and rockets to reduce weight and improve safety.

l Special protective equipment: Used for manufacturing fireproof clothing and high-temperature gloves for extreme environments.

l Sports equipment: Used for manufacturing high-strength sports equipment, such as ski poles and sailing rigging.

3. Basalt Fiber

Basalt fiber is an inorganic fiber made from natural basalt and has excellent mechanical properties, high-temperature resistance, and chemical stability.

Advantages:

l High strength and high modulus: Performance is similar to carbon fiber but at a lower cost.

l High temperature and corrosion resistance: It can maintain stable performance in extreme environments.

l Environmental friendliness: Raw materials are widely available, and the production process is environmentally friendly.

Disadvantages:

l Poor toughness: It is prone to fracture, limiting its application in certain fields.

l Complex production process: High production technical requirements limit large-scale application.

l High cost: Production costs are higher compared to conventional fibers.

Application fields:

l Construction industry: Used for manufacturing reinforced concrete and wall insulation materials to improve building strength and insulation effects.

l Automotive industry: Used for manufacturing interior and soundproofing materials with excellent high-temperature performance.

l Aerospace: Used for manufacturing thermal insulation materials for airplanes and rockets to reduce weight and improve safety.

l Environmental protection equipment: Used for manufacturing wastewater treatment equipment and filtration materials with excellent corrosion resistance.

4. Polyphenylene Sulfide Fiber （PPS Fiber）

Polyphenylene sulfide fiber is a fiber made from polyphenylene sulfide resin and has excellent high-temperature resistance, chemical corrosion resistance, and flame retardancy.

Advantages:

l High temperature resistance: It can maintain stable performance in high-temperature environments, making it suitable for special filtration materials.

l Chemical resistance: It is resistant to most chemicals.

l Flame retardancy: It has excellent flame retardant properties.

Disadvantages:

l High cost: High production costs limit its widespread application.

l Poor toughness: It is prone to fracture, limiting its application in certain fields.

l Poor dyeability: Dyeing performance is poor, affecting its aesthetics.

Application fields:

l Filtration materials: Used for manufacturing high-temperature gas and liquid filtration materials for the chemical and environmental protection industries.

l Aerospace: Used for manufacturing thermal insulation and filtration materials for airplanes and rockets with excellent high-temperature performance.

l Electronics and electrical appliances: Used for manufacturing high-temperature insulation materials and flame retardant cables for extreme environments.

l Protective clothing: Used for manufacturing high-temperature protective clothing and fireproof clothing for firefighting and industrial applications.

5. Polyimide Fiber

Polyimide fiber is a high-performance organic fiber with excellent high-temperature resistance, mechanical properties, and chemical stability.

Advantages:

l High temperature resistance: It can maintain stable performance in extremely high-temperature environments, making it suitable for high-temperature filtration materials and special protective equipment.

l High strength and high modulus: It has excellent mechanical properties and is suitable for aerospace and high-end sports equipment.

l Chemical resistance: It is resistant to most chemicals.

l Low thermal expansion coefficient: It has good dimensional stability under temperature changes.

Disadvantages:

l High cost: Complex production processes result in high production costs.

l Difficult to process: It requires high processing equipment and technical requirements.

l Poor toughness: It is prone to fracture, limiting its application in certain fields.

Application fields:

l Aerospace: Used for manufacturing thermal insulation and structural materials for airplanes and rockets with excellent high-temperature performance.

l High-temperature filtration materials: Used for manufacturing high-temperature gas and liquid filtration materials for the chemical and environmental protection industries.

l High-end sports equipment: Used for manufacturing high-strength sports equipment, such as ski poles and golf clubs.

l Electronics and electrical appliances: Used for manufacturing high-temperature insulation materials and circuit boards for extreme environments.

6. Quartz Fiber

Quartz fiber is an inorganic fiber made from natural or synthetic quartz and has excellent high-temperature resistance, electrical insulation, and chemical stability.

Advantages:

l High temperature resistance: It can maintain stable performance at extremely high temperatures, making it suitable for high-temperature insulation and special electrical insulation materials.

l Excellent electrical insulation: It has excellent electrical insulation properties and is suitable for electronics and electrical appliances.

l Chemical resistance: It is resistant to most chemicals.

l Low thermal conductivity: It has excellent insulation properties.

Disadvantages:

l High cost: High raw material and production process requirements result in high production costs.

l Brittleness: It is prone to fracture, limiting its application in certain fields.

l Difficult to process: It requires high processing equipment and technical requirements.

Application fields:

l Aerospace: Used for manufacturing high-temperature insulation and electrical insulation materials for airplanes and rockets.

l Electronics and electrical appliances: Used for manufacturing high-temperature insulation materials and circuit boards for extreme environments.

l High-temperature filtration materials: Used for manufacturing high-temperature gas and liquid filtration materials for the chemical and environmental protection industries.

l Medical field: Used for manufacturing high-temperature sterilization equipment and surgical tools with excellent high-temperature performance.

7. Nickel-coated Carbon Fiber

Nickel-coated carbon fiber is a metal composite fiber with a layer of nickel plated on the surface of carbon fiber, combining the mechanical properties of carbon fiber with the metal properties of nickel.

Advantages:

l High strength and high modulus: It retains the high strength and stiffness of carbon fiber, making it suitable for products that require high mechanical performance.

l Conductivity: The nickel coating provides good electrical conductivity, making it suitable for electronics and electromagnetic shielding applications.

l Corrosion resistance: The nickel layer provides additional corrosion resistance, making it suitable for harsh environments.

l Lightweight: It maintains the lightweight characteristics of carbon fiber, helping to reduce product weight.

Disadvantages:

l High cost: The nickel plating process increases production costs, limiting its application in some low-end fields.

l Poor flexibility: Carbon fiber itself has poor flexibility and is prone to fracture under stress.

l Poor wear resistance: The surface is prone to wear and tear and is not suitable for high-friction environments.

l Complex processing: The nickel plating process is complex and requires high processing equipment and technical requirements.

Application fields:

l Electronics and electrical appliances: Used for manufacturing electromagnetic shielding materials and conductive composites.

l Aerospace: Used for manufacturing aerospace components that require electrical conductivity.

l Automotive industry: Used for manufacturing automotive electronic components and sensors to improve the performance of the vehicle's electronic system.

l Medical field: Used for manufacturing conductive components in medical equipment, such as ECG electrodes.

Although high-performance fiber new materials have some drawbacks, their excellent characteristics make them irreplaceable in many fields. With advancements in technology and the reduction of production costs, the application prospects for these materials will become even broader.